Samantha Foss


Sound Ethics: Navigating the Harmony of Responsible Song Selection in Music Education

Published on:11-17-2023

As general music teachers, we wield the incredible power to shape not just the musical aptitude but also the ethical compass of our students. Our choices in selecting songs for our classrooms reverberate beyond the notes and melodies, influencing perceptions, values, and cultural understanding. In this article, we embark on a journey to explore the nuanced realm of ethical song selection, aiming to strike the right chord between musical expression and responsible education.

The Intersection of Music and Morality

Music serves as a universal language, transcending cultural and linguistic barriers. It has the potential to uplift, inspire, and provoke thought. Recognizing this, the ethical responsibility of a general music teacher extends into the realm of song selection, where the melodies chosen can contribute to the development of socially conscious and culturally aware individuals.

Ethical Considerations in Song Selection

A fundamental step in ethical song research is a thorough examination of lyrics. Pay close attention to the content and messaging. Choose songs that uphold positive values, steer clear of explicit or offensive language, and resonate with the educational objectives of your curriculum.

Cultural Appreciation, Not Appropriation

Embrace the rich diversity of music but approach it with cultural sensitivity. Be mindful of cultural appropriation by understanding the context, significance, and traditions associated with the music you introduce. Strive for authentic representation and appreciation, avoiding the commodification of cultural elements.

Age-Appropriate Content

Tailor your song choices to the age and maturity level of your students. Consider the themes and subject matter to ensure they align with the developmental stage of your audience. This approach not only fosters age-appropriate learning but also respects the emotional well-being of your students.

Inclusivity and Representation

Cultivate an inclusive musical environment by selecting songs representing various cultures, genres, and perspectives. Celebrate diversity through music, ensuring all students feel seen, heard, and valued in your classroom.

Practical Strategies for Ethical Song Research

Actively involve your students in the song selection process. Please encourage them to share their musical preferences, cultural backgrounds, and songs that resonate with them. This collaborative approach empowers students and creates a more engaging and inclusive music curriculum.

Professional Development

Stay informed about ethical considerations in music education through continuous professional development. Attend workshops, webinars, and conferences focusing on the intersection of music and ethics. Networking with other educators can provide valuable insights and resources.

Create a Song Review Committee

Establish a committee comprised of educators, students, and parents to review and assess potential songs for the curriculum. This diverse group can offer varied perspectives, ensuring a well-rounded and ethical selection process.

In the symphony of music education, ethical song selection emerges as the conductor guiding the ensemble toward a harmonious blend of cultural appreciation, inclusivity, and moral responsibility. By navigating the intricate intersections of sound and ethics, general music teachers can create skilled musicians and socially conscious individuals who appreciate the transformative power of music on a deeper, more meaningful level. Sound ethics in song selection resonate far beyond the classroom, shaping the future of a generation attuned to both the beauty of melodies and their responsibility.

Tuning Into Emotional Intelligence: Integrating Social-Emotional Learning in Elementary General Music

Published on: 10-04-2023


In the ever-evolving world of education, adaptability has become the new norm. The challenges brought forth by the global pandemic have catapulted educators into a landscape characterized by remote and hybrid learning. Incorporating social-emotional learning (SEL) into elementary general music education takes on even greater significance within this educational paradigm. In this article, we will delve into the profound impact of infusing SEL into music education and explore practical strategies to enrich the learning experience for students and educators alike.

Unveiling the Essence of Social-Emotional Learning

Before we delve into the harmonious fusion of SEL and elementary general music, let's unravel the essence of SEL. Social-emotional learning is a holistic process that equips individuals with the knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary to understand and manage emotions, set and achieve positive goals, cultivate empathy for others, foster positive relationships, and make responsible decisions.

SEL transcends the realm of traditional academics; it nurtures essential life skills that empower students to navigate their emotional landscapes, build meaningful relationships, and make informed choices. These skills enhance the educational journey and play a pivotal role in shaping a student's overall well-being and future success.

The Unique Role of Music Education in SEL

Music education offers a unique canvas for integrating SEL into the curriculum. Music, as a medium, is inherently emotional, allowing students to connect with their feelings and the emotions of others. When intentionally woven into music instruction, it can be a powerful tool for cultivating self-awareness, empathy, collaboration, and emotional regulation.

1. Self-Awareness and Expression

Music provides a platform for authentic self-expression. Whether through singing, playing instruments, or composing, students have an avenue to explore and communicate their emotions. Encouraging students to reflect on how music resonates with their feelings and express their thoughts through creative projects nurtures self-awareness.

2. Empathy and Connection

Diverse musical genres and styles expose students to a spectrum of emotions and perspectives. This exposure helps them develop empathy and a deeper understanding of the emotions of others. Collaborative music-making, such as ensemble performances or group compositions, encourages students to work together, fostering trust and strong interpersonal skills.

3. Emotional Regulation

Music possesses the remarkable ability to soothe and uplift spirits. Teaching students how to use music as a tool for self-regulation is invaluable. Please encourage them to identify music that helps them relax or concentrate and incorporate it into their daily routines. This practice equips students with the tools to manage stress and anxiety, especially pertinent in the current educational landscape.

Practical Strategies for Infusing SEL into Elementary General Music

Now that we appreciate the importance of SEL let's explore practical strategies for its seamless integration into elementary general music:

1. Mindful Listening

Initiate each music class with a mindful listening session. Select a piece of music known for evoking diverse emotions and ask students to close their eyes, focusing on their emotional responses to the music. Follow this with a group discussion where students share their thoughts and feelings. This exercise enhances self-awareness and empathy while setting a positive tone for the class.

2. Emotion-Centric Music Selection

Enrich your curriculum with various musical genres, emphasizing pieces that convey different emotions. Whether it's the joy of Beethoven's "Ode to Joy," the melancholy of a blues composition, or the excitement of a lively folk dance, encourage students to discuss and write about how the music makes them feel.

3. Collaborative Musical Projects

Design music projects that require collaboration and teamwork. Activities such as group compositions or ensemble performances foster empathy, communication, and cooperation among students. These experiences underscore the value of working together and appreciating each other's contributions.

4. Emotion Journals

Please encourage students to maintain emotion journals where they can document their emotional experiences during music class. They can note how specific pieces of music affected them, instances of personal growth, or times when they successfully collaborated with their peers. This practice promotes self-reflection and emotional self-awareness.

5. Cultivate Open Dialogue

Foster a classroom environment where open dialogue is not only encouraged but celebrated. Make students feel comfortable sharing their emotions and experiences related to music. This enhances their emotional intelligence and builds trust and a sense of belonging within the classroom.

The Benefits for Educators

While much emphasis has been placed on the advantages for students, integrating SEL into elementary general music education also offers significant benefits for teachers. SEL equips educators to connect with their students on a deeper level, comprehend their emotional needs, and create a more supportive and engaging learning environment. Additionally, teachers prioritizing SEL often report reduced classroom disruptions and improved student behavior.

As educators navigate the dynamic landscape of education, integrating social-emotional learning into elementary general music education emerges as a transformative force. Music isn't merely a subject; it's a potent avenue for nurturing emotional intelligence and well-being. Teachers can cultivate a classroom environment that supports academic and emotional growth by implementing practical strategies like mindful listening, emotion-centric music selection, collaborative projects, emotion journals, and open dialogue. As we embrace the "new normal," let's remember that the harmonious convergence of SEL and music education empowers students and educators alike, paving the way for a brighter future.


Embracing the Beat: Hip-Hop and Haring in the General Music Classroom

Published On: 09-27-2023

In the ever-evolving realm of education, the general music classroom serves as a dynamic space for creativity and interdisciplinary learning. One innovative approach that has gained traction in recent years is the integration of hip-hop culture and the vibrant art of Keith Haring. This article explores how the fusion of hip-hop and Haring's art can inspire creativity, foster cultural awareness, and create a vibrant learning environment in the general music classroom.

The Influence of Hip-Hop Culture

Hip-hop culture is far more than just a genre of music; it is a global phenomenon that encompasses music, dance, fashion, language, and social activism. Its cultural impact has transcended boundaries, making it a rich source of educational material.

At its core, hip-hop is a form of storytelling, with artists using intricate wordplay, metaphors, and storytelling to convey their messages. In the general music classroom, hip-hop can be introduced as a contemporary form of poetry. Students can analyze lyrics for themes, literary devices, and social commentary, enhancing their critical thinking skills and literary appreciation.

Fostering Cultural Understanding

Hip-hop has deep roots in African-American and Latinx communities, and its evolution reflects the struggles and triumphs of these communities. Incorporating hip-hop into the curriculum offers a unique opportunity for students to explore the cultural and historical contexts that shaped this genre. This exploration promotes cultural understanding, empathy, and a broader perspective on diversity.

Keith Haring's art is characterized by its bold visual language, characterized by simple, iconic figures and lines. His artwork serves as a testament to the power of visual imagery to convey complex ideas and emotions effectively.

Social and Political Commentary

Haring's art often addressed pressing social and political issues, including AIDS awareness, apartheid, and environmental concerns. In the general music classroom, his artwork can serve as a catalyst for discussions about the role of art in addressing societal challenges. Students can draw parallels between the visual symbolism in Haring's art and the metaphorical depth of hip-hop lyrics.

Haring's artistic style is accessible and encourages creative expression. Students, regardless of their prior artistic experience, can engage with his work, experiment with their own artistic skills, and develop visual literacy.

Interdisciplinary Learning

The integration of hip-hop culture and Haring's art allows educators to seamlessly bridge various disciplines in the general music classroom. Students can explore how the themes found in hip-hop lyrics relate to the social issues addressed in Haring's artwork. They can create their visual interpretations of hip-hop songs or use hip-hop rhythms as inspiration for their own compositions. This interdisciplinary approach encourages students to recognize the interconnectedness of diverse forms of expression and knowledge.

Interdisciplinary learning enables students to gain a deeper understanding of the cultural and historical contexts that gave rise to hip-hop and Haring's art. This broader perspective fosters cultural awareness, empathy, and a sense of global citizenship among students.

Cultivating Critical Thinking

Analyzing hip-hop lyrics and Haring's art necessitates critical thinking and the interpretation of symbolism and metaphor. These analytical skills are transferable, serving students well in various aspects of their education and future careers.

The fusion of hip-hop culture and the art of Keith Haring enriches the general music classroom, creating a vibrant and multidimensional learning environment. By exploring the rich themes and cultural contexts embedded in hip-hop lyrics and Haring's artwork, students not only deepen their understanding of music and visual art but also cultivate critical thinking, creativity, and cultural awareness. 

This approach empowers educators to harness the power of popular culture to engage students and prepare them for a world where creative thinking, empathy, and cultural understanding are essential skills. As education continues to evolve, embracing the dynamic synergy of hip-hop and Haring's art is a harmonious journey that enriches the general music classroom and inspires students for a brighter, interconnected future.

The Harmonious Fusion of Music Education and Technology: A Guide to Prerecorded Lessons with PowerPoint

Published on: 09/14/2023

In a world that is rapidly digitizing, educators from every field are searching for innovative ways to adapt. The realm of music education is no exception. Teaching music online brings its own set of challenges and opportunities, from finding the right platform for virtual jam sessions to assessing student performances remotely. One tool that has proven particularly useful for music educators is Microsoft PowerPoint, commonly considered as a business presentation software. When wielded correctly, it can revolutionize how music lessons are conducted online.

Teaching Music Online: Using Microsoft PowerPoint to Create Prerecorded Lessons

The idea of using PowerPoint for music education may initially seem like an odd match, but the software's functionality extends beyond slides filled with bullet points. Below, we delve into the advantages of using PowerPoint for creating prerecorded music lessons and offer some practical tips to get you started.

Versatility and Flexibility

The first step in incorporating PowerPoint into your online music teaching repertoire is recognizing the program’s multifaceted capabilities. PowerPoint allows for the embedding of audio clips, video files, and hyperlinks, alongside traditional textual and visual content. Imagine delivering a music theory lesson where students can click to listen to a chord progression or watch a short video of a flute technique, all within the PowerPoint slide itself. The interactive elements keep students engaged and foster a deeper understanding of the material.

How to Embed Multimedia Elements

  1. Audio Clips: Go to the "Insert" tab, then "Audio", and select "Audio on My PC..." to choose an audio file. You can also adjust when the audio will start, either automatically or when clicked.

  2. Video Files: The process is similar to adding audio. Go to the "Insert" tab, then "Video", and select "Video on My PC..." from the dropdown menu.

  3. Hyperlinks: Highlight the text or object that you wish to link, right-click, and then select “Hyperlink.” Enter the URL or link to another slide for internal navigation.

Structuring Your Lesson

When planning your lesson, divide the content into sections and topics, using each slide or a group of slides to focus on a particular concept. For example:

  • Slide 1: Introduction and objectives

  • Slide 2-4: Background on the musical scale

  • Slide 5-7: Major and minor chords with embedded audio examples

  • Slide 8-10: A brief video lesson on finger placement for guitar chords

  • Slide 11: Summary and review questions

Accessibility and Convenience

Prerecorded lessons offer flexibility for students, who can revisit the material at their own pace. PowerPoint files are easily shareable and accessible on various devices, from desktops to smartphones. You can also convert your PowerPoint presentation to a video format for even easier access. To do this, go to “File,” then “Export,” and choose “Create a Video.”

As we continue to navigate the ever-changing landscape of online education, incorporating tools like PowerPoint can enhance the quality of music lessons and the overall learning experience. By integrating multimedia elements, structuring your lesson logically, and taking advantage of the software's versatility, you’ll be well on your way to delivering engaging, effective online music education.

Fostering Musical Creativity: Composition in Middle School General Music

Published On: 08-30-2023

Middle school general music classes serve as a pivotal point in a student's musical journey. These formative years provide a unique opportunity to introduce students to the world of composition, fostering their creativity and musical exploration. In this article, we explore the significance of composition in middle school general music and its role in nurturing the composers of tomorrow.


Middle school is a time of burgeoning curiosity and creative exploration. It's a stage where students are eager to discover their artistic voices, and general music classes play a vital role in nurturing these budding composers.


Moving Beyond Passive Learning


Traditional music education often focuses on passive listening and performance. While these elements are crucial, composition invites students to become active participants in their musical education. They transition from passive consumers of music to active creators and contributors.


Composition is not just about writing notes on paper; it requires critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity. Through composition exercises, students develop these essential skills. They learn how to structure their ideas, make artistic choices, and refine their work through experimentation—a skill set that extends far beyond the realm of music.


Building a Strong Musical Foundation


Middle school students are at a stage where they can deepen their understanding of fundamental musical elements such as melody, harmony, rhythm, and form. Composition serves as a powerful tool for reinforcing these concepts and building a robust musical foundation.


Composition allows students to experiment with creating melodies. They delve into scales, intervals, and the relationships between notes. This hands-on experience enhances their ability to analyze and appreciate melodic structures in the music they encounter.


Encouraging Artistic Expression


Middle school is a time of self-discovery and self-expression. Composition allows students to express their thoughts, emotions, and experiences through music. It serves as a medium through which they can channel their creativity and give voice to their inner world. When students compose, they have the opportunity to infuse their experiences and emotions into their music. This personal connection to their compositions can be a powerful motivator and a source of pride.


Composition encourages diversity in artistic expression. Each student brings their unique perspective and creativity to the table, resulting in a rich type of musical ideas and styles within the classroom. Numerous digital tools and software are available that make music composition more accessible and engaging. Students can use software to notate their compositions, experiment with different sounds, and even collaborate with peers online.


Virtual Instruments


Virtual instruments allow students to explore a wide range of sounds and textures, even if they don't have access to traditional instruments. This opens up new creative possibilities and encourages experimentation.


Technology enables students to record and share their compositions with ease. This can be a source of pride and motivation, as they can showcase their work to a broader audience, including friends and family.


Incorporating composition into middle school general music programs requires thoughtful planning and integration. Here are some practical ways to include composition in the curriculum:


Start with Simple Exercises


Begin with straightforward composition exercises that focus on one musical element at a time. For example, have students create short melodies using a specific scale or rhythm pattern.


Encourage students to explore various musical styles and genres in their compositions. This exposes them to a diverse range of musical traditions and fosters cultural awareness. Assign collaborative composition projects where students work in small groups. This promotes teamwork and allows students to learn from one another.


Incorporate Technology


Integrate technology into the composition process. Use music notation software, digital audio workstations, and virtual instruments to enhance the creative experience. Provide opportunities for students to perform their compositions, either individually or in groups. This allows them to hear their creations come to life and share their musical voices with others.


Composition in middle school general music classes is not merely about writing notes; it's about nurturing creativity, building critical skills, and fostering a lifelong love for music. By introducing students to the art of composition, educators empower them to become active participants in the world of music, creators of their melodies, and interpret

Eternal Recurrence: Nietzsche's Philosophical Puzzle Unraveled

Published on: 08-25-2023

Friedrich Nietzsche, a philosopher renowned for his intellectual audacity, introduced the concept of "Eternal Recurrence" as a profound exploration of time, existence, and the human condition. This thought-provoking theory challenges us to reevaluate our lives and choices in the context of infinite repetition. In this article, we embark on a journey to unravel the complexities of Nietzsche's Eternal Recurrence and its relevance in today's world.

Cracking the Concept: Nietzsche's Eternal Recurrence Explained

Eternal Recurrence posits that the universe is in an endless cycle of repetition, where all events, thoughts, and experiences are destined to recur infinitely. Nietzsche's intention was not to present a literal reality but rather a philosophical puzzle that compels us to contemplate the nature of our lives and the significance of our actions.

In his seminal work "Thus Spoke Zarathustra," Nietzsche delivers this idea through the character Zarathustra: "What if some day or night a demon were to steal after you into your loneliest loneliness and say to you: 'This life as you now live it and have lived it, you will have to live once more and innumerable times more.'" This proclamation encapsulates the essence of Eternal Recurrence—an invitation to reflect on whether we are living our lives to the fullest potential.

Living Authentically in the Eternal Loop

Eternal Recurrence challenges us to examine the authenticity of our lives. If our experiences are destined to repeat, would we continue living the same way? This concept urges us to break free from societal norms and seek genuine self-expression.

We are prompted to live with greater intentionality by imagining the eternal return of events. It calls us to align our actions with our true selves, rejecting the superficial and embracing the profound.

The Paradox of Free Will and Determinism

Eternal Recurrence raises questions about the interplay between free will and determinism. If events are predetermined to recur, do we still possess the power of choice? Nietzsche doesn't offer a definitive answer but encourages us to grapple with this paradox.

Rather than undermining free will, Eternal Recurrence underscores its significance. Our choices become eternal echoes, highlighting the importance of making decisions that reflect our values and aspirations.

A Response to Nihilism: Infusing Life with Meaning

Nietzsche formulated Eternal Recurrence partly as a response to nihilism—a belief that life lacks inherent meaning. This concept combats nihilistic tendencies by imbuing every action with significance. Acknowledging the eternal return of events motivates us to infuse our lives with purpose and meaning.

Eternal Recurrence encourages us to embrace life's complexities and uncertainties, finding meaning even in challenges. It's a call to confront the abyss of nihilism and craft a life rich with significance.

Embracing Amor Fati: The Love of Fate

Central to Nietzsche's philosophy is the notion of "amor fati," the love of fate. This principle invites us to accept every facet of our lives, including the adversities, as necessary components of our journey.

Amor fati liberates us from resentment and empowers us to embrace our lives fully. By viewing challenges as opportunities for growth, we navigate existence with resilience and wisdom.

Eternal Recurrence in Today's World

Nietzsche's concept resonates deeply in a fast-paced world dominated by instant gratification. Eternal Recurrence urges us to consider the lasting impact of our choices, encouraging mindfulness and intentionality. Moreover, recent scientific theories about the cyclical nature of the universe align with Nietzsche's philosophy, adding a contemporary layer of relevance.

Friedrich Nietzsche's Eternal Recurrence invites us to explore the tapestry of existence from a new perspective. It challenges us to live authentically, make meaningful choices, and embrace the profound interconnectedness of life. Whether interpreted as a metaphor or a philosophical proposition, Eternal Recurrence beckons us to engage with life's enigmas and to shape our paths with conscious purpose. In a world where change is constant, this concept stands as a timeless reminder: the echoes of our actions resonate through eternity.

Unraveling the Enigma: How 'Zombies' Challenge Brain Science and the Nature of Consciousness

Published On: 08/18/2023


The study of consciousness and the human brain has long captivated the minds of scientists, philosophers, and thinkers alike. From the intricate web of neurons firing to the profound sense of self-awareness, the mystery of consciousness continues to elude a definitive explanation. One intriguing thought experiment that has sparked debates and discussions within the realm of brain science is the concept of philosophical zombies – beings identical to humans in every physical aspect but devoid of consciousness. This seemingly paradoxical idea challenges our understanding of consciousness and raises significant questions about the limitations of our scientific methods and philosophical frameworks.

The Zombie Paradox and Philosophical Inquiries

The concept of philosophical zombies stems from philosophy rather than empirical science. It presents a hypothetical scenario where a being could exist indistinguishable from a conscious human being in terms of behavior, thoughts, and actions but fundamentally lacks subjective experience or consciousness. This paradox serves as a thought experiment to probe the boundaries of our comprehension of consciousness and raise questions about the nature of personal awareness.

Philosophers have used the zombie argument to explore various aspects of consciousness. For instance, the philosopher David Chalmers famously introduced the notion of the "hard problem of consciousness" – the challenge of explaining why and how specific physical processes give rise to subjective experiences. The zombie scenario forces us to question whether a complete understanding of the brain's biological processes can account for consciousness's emotional aspects.

Challenges to Brain Science

The zombie thought experiment extends its reach to the field of brain science, posing challenges that highlight the limitations of our current knowledge and methodologies. While contemporary neuroscience has made remarkable strides in mapping brain structures and understanding neural processes, it grapples with a significant gap in explaining consciousness. The intricate dance of neurons and synapses may elucidate aspects of cognition and behavior. Still, it needs to unravel how these processes give rise to our vivid inner experiences.

The zombie argument underscores the notion that even if we understand the brain's intricate workings, we might still be missing a crucial piece of the puzzle – the essence of consciousness itself. This concept leads to a vital realization that consciousness might transcend mere neural mechanics, introducing the possibility of non-material or metaphysical components that play a role in shaping our conscious experiences.

The Philosophical Implications

The zombie argument invites us to reevaluate our assumptions about the relationship between the physical and the mental realms. The idea of zombies challenges traditional materialistic perspectives that equate consciousness solely with brain activity. If beings could behave precisely like conscious individuals without consciousness, then consciousness might not be reducible to physical processes alone.

This notion sparks discussions on dualism – the philosophical position that mind and matter are distinct and separate entities. While dualism has faced criticisms for its apparent lack of empirical evidence, the zombie paradox invites us to reconsider the plausibility of such viewpoints. Could there be dimensions of reality that transcend the practical, where consciousness resides independent of physical substance?

Exploring Alternative Explanations

The zombie problem opens the door to exploring alternative explanations for consciousness. Panpsychism, for instance, suggests that consciousness is a fundamental property of the universe, existing even in the tiniest particles. This perspective challenges our conventional understanding of consciousness as an emergent property of complex brain processes and prompts us to consider consciousness as an inherent aspect of reality.

Furthermore, the zombie argument highlights the inherent limitations of the scientific method in addressing questions of consciousness. With its reliance on empirical observation and measurable phenomena, science might fall short of grasping the elusive nature of subjective experiences. As philosopher Thomas Nagel posed in his famous essay "What Is It Like to Be a Bat?", a fundamental aspect of consciousness that resists objective analysis could exist.

The concept of philosophical zombies is a fascinating exploration of the boundaries of our understanding of consciousness, challenging both brain science and philosophical frameworks. While zombies remain a thought experiment rather than a scientifically verifiable phenomenon, they spotlight the inherent complexities of consciousness that continue to perplex scientists, philosophers, and thinkers alike.

The zombie paradox drives home the notion that our current scientific and philosophical tools might be insufficient to grasp the nature of consciousness fully. As we delve deeper into the mysteries of the mind, we must remain open to unconventional perspectives and alternative explanations that could help us transcend the limitations of our current paradigms.

In the grand quest to unravel the enigma of consciousness, the concept of zombies serves as a humbling reminder that there might always be facets of reality that lie beyond our reach. Whether or not zombies exist, their presence in philosophical discourse provokes us to question, explore, and ultimately expand the horizons of our understanding of both the human mind and the nature of consciousness itself.

Nurturing Musical Minds: The Importance of Composition in Middle School General Music

Published On: 07/18/2023


In music education, middle school is a crucial stage for students to explore and cultivate their artistic talents. One facet of music instruction that holds immense significance is composition. Encouraging middle school students to compose their music enhances their creative abilities and fosters a deeper understanding and appreciation of the art form. This article delves into the importance of composition in middle school general music, highlighting its benefits and offering insights into how educators can effectively incorporate this vital aspect into their curriculum.

Fostering Creativity and Self-Expression

Composition serves as a gateway for students to express their individuality and unleash their creative potential. By composing music, students can explore their emotions, thoughts, and unique perspectives. Middle school is a time of self-discovery, and composition allows students to translate their feelings into tangible musical creations. Whether it's through melodies, harmonies, or lyrics, students can experiment with different musical elements and develop their distinctive voices. This process empowers them to take ownership of their artistic expression, fostering a sense of confidence and self-assurance.

Enhancing Musical Understanding

Engaging in composition deepens students' comprehension of music theory and structure. As they compose, students gain firsthand experience with key musical concepts such as melody, rhythm, harmony, and form. They learn how these elements interact and shape the overall composition. Students develop a more profound understanding of musical composition by grappling with the challenges and decisions in crafting a piece. This understanding strengthens their musical intuition and enriches their ability to interpret and appreciate music across various genres.

Promoting Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving

The composition also nurtures critical thinking skills and encourages students to solve problems creatively. When students compose, they face choices regarding melody, rhythm, harmony, and structure, among other elements. They must analyze, evaluate, and make decisions that align with their artistic vision. This process requires them to think critically, consider different options, and find innovative solutions. Students cultivate skills beyond music by honing their problem-solving abilities through composition, benefiting them in other academic subjects and real-life situations.

Encouraging Collaboration and Communication

The composition provides an excellent opportunity for students to collaborate and communicate with their peers. Group composition projects encourage students to collaborate, share ideas, and negotiate creative choices. Students learn to listen actively, respect others' perspectives, and contribute meaningfully to a shared musical vision by engaging in these collaborative endeavors. These interpersonal skills are invaluable, as they foster teamwork, empathy, and effective communication, all essential in musical and non-musical contexts.

Building a Lifelong Appreciation for Music

When students actively participate in creating music, they develop a deeper appreciation for the art form. Composing music enables students to understand the intricacies and complexities of crafting a piece, heightening their admiration for the works of accomplished composers. By nurturing this appreciation, educators can instill a lifelong love for music in their students, fostering a sense of cultural enrichment and promoting engagement with music as listeners, performers, and creators.

Composition plays a vital role in middle school general music education, offering numerous benefits for students' creative, cognitive, and social development. By incorporating composition into the curriculum, educators can provide students with an avenue for self-expression, enhance their understanding of music theory, nurture critical thinking and problem-solving skills, encourage collaboration and communication, and cultivate a lifelong appreciation for music. By empowering students to become composers, we empower them to become active participants and contributors in the ever-evolving world of music.

 Creating Prerecorded Lessons with Microsoft PowerPoint

Published on : 06-23-2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant changes to the way music is taught and learned. With social distancing measures in place, many music teachers have had to adapt quickly to online teaching methods. While it may seem daunting at first, there are plenty of tools available to make the transition from in-person lessons to virtual ones easier. One such tool is Microsoft PowerPoint. In this article, we will explore how music teachers can use PowerPoint to create high-quality prerecorded lessons for their students.

Why Use PowerPoint?

PowerPoint is a versatile tool that can be used to create engaging presentations. It allows you to incorporate images, text, audio, and video into your lessons. This makes it an excellent choice for creating prerecorded instructional videos. You can easily record your voiceover while walking your students through musical concepts and techniques. You can also add visual aids, such as sheet music, chord diagrams, or even live demonstrations on an instrument.

Getting Started with Recording

To start recording your lesson, simply open PowerPoint and navigate to the "Slide Show" tab. Click on "Record Slide Show" to begin recording your presentation. As you go through your slides, you can either speak into a microphone or use the built-in recording feature to record your voiceover. PowerPoint allows you to pause and resume recording at any time, so you can take breaks as needed.

Adding Visual Aids

One of the benefits of using PowerPoint is the ability to add visual aids to your presentation. For music teachers, this means adding sheet music, chord diagrams, or even videos of live instrument demonstrations. To add a visual aid, simply click on the "Insert" tab and choose the appropriate option. You can then resize and reposition the visual aid to fit your slide.

Tips for Creating Engaging Lessons

When creating prerecorded lessons, it's important to keep your students engaged throughout the entirety of the video. Here are some tips to help you create engaging lessons:

Keep it short and sweet: Try to keep your lessons between 10-15 minutes in length. Anything longer may cause your students to lose interest.

Use a conversational tone: Talk to your students as if you were speaking to them in person. This will help keep them engaged and interested in the material.

Incorporate interactive elements: Consider adding quizzes or questions throughout the lesson to keep your students engaged and actively involved in the learning process.

Be organized: Make sure your lesson is well-structured and easy to follow. This will help your students understand the material better.

Conclusion:

Teaching music online may seem challenging at first, but with the right tools and techniques, it can be just as effective as in-person lessons. Microsoft PowerPoint is an excellent tool for creating high-quality prerecorded lessons that can keep your students engaged and interested in the material. By following the tips outlined in this article, you can create engaging lessons that will help your students improve their musical skills and knowledge.

Crafting a Meaningful Existence: An Exploration with Meghan Sullivan and Paul Blaschko on The Good Life Method

Published on : 06/19/2023

In their insightful book, "The Good Life Method: Reasoning Through the Big Questions of Happiness, Faith, and Meaning," philosophers Meghan Sullivan and Paul Blaschko offer a unique framework for personal fulfillment. This article sheds light on their perspectives, as shared in a recent interview.

Philosophy: A Guide for Life

"The Good Life Method" departs from traditional philosophical discourses, framing philosophy as a hands-on guide for life. Sullivan explained, "We see philosophy as more than a theoretical exercise. It's a practical toolkit for better decision-making and more fulfilling life."

Blaschko concurred, stating, "Our book is an attempt to make philosophy accessible and relatable. We believe that philosophical reasoning is not just for intellectuals—it's a valuable tool for everyone."

The Importance of Sound Reasoning

The crux of "The Good Life Method" is cultivating critical reasoning skills to grapple with profound life questions. "Our book proposes that to lead a good life, one must reason well," Sullivan said.

Emphasizing this, Blaschko added, "We aim to help readers refine their reasoning skills, enabling them to make more informed decisions and find greater satisfaction in life."

The Good Life Method in Practice

When asked about the impact of the Good Life Method on their personal and professional lives, Sullivan shared, "Embracing a reasoning-based approach has transformed my decision-making process. It has equipped me to handle complex situations in my personal and professional life with enhanced clarity."

Echoing her sentiments, Blaschko stated, "By applying the principles of critical thinking and argumentation, I've become more contemplative and deliberate in my actions, whether it's participating in a complex discourse or making major life decisions."

The Interplay of Faith and Philosophy

"The Good Life Method" also delves into the interaction between philosophy and faith. Sullivan, a devout Catholic, views faith as a significant aspect of her life and philosophical approach. "Faith and reason can coexist harmoniously. Faith often provides a rich moral framework that informs our reasoning process," she said.

Despite identifying as an agnostic, Blaschko respects faith's role in shaping perspectives. "For many, faith offers a guide to address ethical problems and ponder life's big questions. Regardless of one's religious inclination, engaging with such viewpoints is crucial," he remarked.

The Journey Ahead for Readers

Sullivan and Blaschko hope that readers of "The Good Life Method" will gain a deeper self-awareness and a broadened life perspective. "Our aspiration is for readers to question their preconceived notions, assumptions, and choices more critically," Sullivan stated.

Blaschko added, "We wish to show readers that philosophy isn't abstract—deeply relevant to everyday life. It presents a powerful mechanism for enhancing our reasoning, making thoughtful decisions, and leading more meaningful lives."

Conclusion

In their groundbreaking work, "The Good Life Method," Sullivan and Blaschko present philosophy as a pragmatic compass for navigating life's complexities. They encourage us to embrace critical reasoning as we grapple with existential questions, nudging us towards a more intentional and fulfilling life. Amid the quest for a good life, their methodology guides us towards mindful decisions and profound personal growth.

The Importance of Struggle in Nietzsche's Philosophy

Published on : 06-09-2023
Friedrich Nietzsche was a philosopher who believed that life is fundamentally a struggle. He thought that humans must embrace and overcome this struggle rather than try to escape or avoid it. For Nietzsche, the battle was not something to be feared or avoided but rather an essential part of the human experience.
Nietzsche believed that the struggle for existence is what gives life its meaning. He argued that without work, life would be empty and meaningless. According to Nietzsche, humans must struggle against their physical and mental limitations to achieve their full potential.
Nietzsche's philosophy emphasizes the importance of self-mastery. He believed that humans must learn to master themselves, their desires, and their passions to become their best version. This process of self-mastery is challenging, however. It requires struggle and effort.
Nietzsche also believed that society and tradition can be obstacles to self-mastery. He argued that humans must reject the values and beliefs of their society to create their importance and meanings. This rejection of tradition and societal norms can be seen as another form of struggle.
In addition to the struggle against oneself and society, Nietzsche believed humans must struggle against nature. He saw nature as indifferent to human suffering and thought humans must create meaning in the face of this indifference. This struggle against nature can take many forms, from survival to the battle for knowledge and understanding.
The concept of struggle is central to many of Nietzsche's most famous ideas, including his vision of the will to power. The choice to control is the idea that humans are driven by a desire for power over themselves and others. Nietzsche believed that this desire for power goes all human action and can be channelled positively or negatively.
Nietzsche's philosophy is often associated with nihilism, the belief that life is meaningless. However, Nietzsche did not believe that life was inherently useless. Instead, he believed humans must create meaning through struggle and effort. In this sense, Nietzsche's philosophy can be seen as a call to action to embrace the battle of life and make one's meaning and purpose.
In conclusion, Nietzsche believed that struggle was essential to the human experience. He saw the struggle as a way to achieve self-mastery, reject societal norms, and create one's values and meanings. While his philosophy is often associated with nihilism, Nietzsche did not believe that life was inherently meaningless. Instead, he thought humans must create meaning through struggle and effort. This emphasis on struggle and self-mastery remains relevant today, inspiring generations of thinkers and artists to embrace life's struggle and create their own meaning and purpose.

Eternal Recurrence: What Did Nietzsche Really Mean?

Published on : 05-29-2023

Friedrich Nietzsche, the German philosopher, is known for his radical and innovative ideas that challenged traditional Western philosophy. One of his most controversial concepts is the idea of eternal recurrence. It has been interpreted by many scholars in various ways, leading to confusion about what exactly Nietzsche meant. In this article, we will explore the concept of eternal recurrence and its implications for Nietzsche's philosophy.

The Concept of Eternal Recurrence:

Eternal recurrence is the theory that everything that has happened in the past will happen again in an infinite cycle. According to Nietzsche, this idea is central to his philosophy, and it is meant to challenge people's beliefs about the nature of reality. Nietzsche believed that the universe is a closed system without any external forces, and as such, everything that happens is predetermined and cyclical.

Nietzsche's Philosophy and its Implications:

Nietzsche's philosophy was built on the idea of overcoming oneself or transcending one's limitations. He believed that individuals should strive to become the best version of themselves, and this could only be achieved by confronting their fears and embracing their weaknesses. The concept of eternal recurrence played a crucial role in this philosophy because it forced individuals to confront the inevitability of their actions. If everything that has happened in the past will happen again, then every decision that an individual makes will have consequences that will inevitably repeat themselves.

According to Nietzsche, the realization of the eternal recurrence can lead to two outcomes: despair or affirmation. Despair occurs when individuals realize that they are trapped in a cycle of suffering and cannot escape their destiny. However, affirmation occurs when individuals embrace the eternal recurrence and take responsibility for their actions. This means that individuals must accept the consequences of their actions and strive to make the most out of every moment.

Criticism of Eternal Recurrence:

Despite its profound implications, eternal recurrence has been criticized by many philosophers who argue that it is not a feasible concept. Some critics point out that the idea assumes an infinite amount of time and space, which is impossible to prove. Others argue that the concept is meaningless because it implies that everything that has happened will happen again, including events that are physically impossible.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the concept of eternal recurrence is one of Nietzsche's most controversial ideas. It challenges traditional beliefs about free will, causality, and the nature of reality. The realization of the eternal recurrence can lead to either despair or affirmation, depending on how individuals choose to interpret it. Despite criticisms from some philosophers, Nietzsche's philosophy remains influential, and his concept of eternal recurrence continues to inspire new discussions and debates in contemporary philosophy.

Unraveling the Concept of Nietzsche's Übermensch

Published on:05/22/2023


Introduction:


Friedrich Nietzsche, the renowned German philosopher, introduced the concept of the "Übermensch," often translated as the "Superman" or "Overman." This intriguing and often misunderstood notion is central to Nietzsche's philosophy, challenging traditional moral and societal values. In this article, we will delve into the meaning of Nietzsche's 'Superman' and explore its significance in understanding his philosophical framework.

Understanding Nietzsche's Philosophy:

To comprehend the concept of 'Superman,' it is essential to grasp Nietzsche's broader philosophical perspective. Nietzsche criticized traditional morality, particularly Judeo-Christian ethics, which he believed restricted individual potential and suppressed human instincts. He advocated for the reevaluation of societal values, encouraging individuals to rise above conventional norms and embrace their own unique existence.

Beyond Human Limitations:

Nietzsche's 'Superman' represents a being who transcends the limitations imposed by society and embraces their innate potential. It is an individual who moves beyond the confines of conventional morality and constructs their own values based on personal experiences and self-discovery. The 'Superman' represents a departure from the herd mentality and challenges the notion of a universal truth or objective morality.

Overcoming the Herd Mentality:

Nietzsche believed that the masses, driven by conformity and mediocrity, were bound by the 'herd mentality.' He urged individuals to break free from this collective way of thinking and embrace their individuality. The 'Superman' is a symbol of this liberation from societal constraints and represents an individual who follows their own path, irrespective of the opinions and judgments of others.

Embracing Self-Overcoming:

According to Nietzsche, self-overcoming is a fundamental aspect of human existence. The 'Superman' embodies the concept of continually striving for self-improvement and surpassing one's previous limitations. This process involves embracing challenges, confronting one's fears, and embracing the potential for growth and transformation. Nietzsche saw this as an essential aspect of achieving a higher state of being.

Aesthetic Becoming:

For Nietzsche, life was not merely a pursuit of pleasure or happiness but rather an artistic endeavour. The 'Superman' seeks to create and shape their own existence as a work of art. It involves the deliberate cultivation of one's own character, values, and actions to attain a state of aesthetic becoming. This concept encourages individuals to find beauty and meaning in their own unique existence, free from external judgments or expectations.

Amor Fati - Embracing One's Fate:

Another crucial aspect of Nietzsche's 'Superman' is the concept of "amor fati", or the love of fate. The 'Superman' does not resent or seek to escape from their circumstances but embraces them wholeheartedly. Rather than wallowing in victimhood, they take responsibility for their own lives and find meaning in every experience, even the most challenging ones. This acceptance of fate empowers the 'Superman' to overcome adversity and thrive in the face of adversity.

Beyond Good and Evil:

Nietzsche's 'Superman' challenges the traditional notions of good and evil. It goes beyond the confines of conventional morality and questions the binary categorization of human actions. Instead, the 'Superman' creates their own values based on personal experiences and individual will. This perspective allows for a more nuanced understanding of ethics, highlighting the importance of personal responsibility and authenticity.

Conclusion:

Nietzsche's concept of the 'Superman' is a profound and complex philosophical idea that invites individuals to rise above societal constraints, embrace their individuality, and shape their own existence. It challenges traditional moral values, encourages self-overcoming, and emphasizes the importance of personal responsibility and authenticity. By understanding the meaning of Nietzsche's 'Superman,' we gain insight into his broader philosophical framework and the possibilities for individual liberation and self-realization.

What is consciousness?

05-04-2023

Consciousness is the awareness that a person has of their surroundings, their own perceptions, and their own actions. It’s a very complicated concept, and it has been the subject of debate by philosophers, theologians, linguists, and scientists for millennia.

There are two broad theories of consciousness: materialism (physicalism) and dualism. The former holds that the mind is non-physical in some way, while the latter suggests that it’s a result of neural activity.

Consciousness is the nexus of experience that links moment-to-moment sequences of experiences (Husserl, 1913). It is an autopoietic system engaged with the world.

There are many ways to interpret and understand consciousness. Among them are functional awareness and response, subjective experience, and explicit self-consciousness.

The first, functional awareness and response, is a common way to describe conscious mental states and processes. It describes a person's ability to perceive and react to external events and circumstances, such as hearing a dog bark or watching a child play.

The second subjective experience is the ability to reflect on one's own experiences. This includes a person's emotions, thoughts, and memories.

The question of how we know that our consciousness is present and active is an intriguing one. Scientists have been grappling with this issue for a long time.

Currently, there are a variety of theories and concepts that attempt to explain the nature of consciousness in physical and neurophysiological terms. Some of these theories are very complex and require a lot of study and thought to understand.

However, some of them are quite simple and have the potential to help us understand our conscious experiences. For example, one theory is called Integrated Information Theory (IIT).

IIT suggests that consciousness emerges when information from different parts of the brain flows to and from other parts of the same global workspace.

This concept explains some common phenomena, such as the Necker cube and face-vase illusions, which occur when conscious awareness shifts between two interpretations of the same sensory data. It also shows how the brain "binds" together various aspects of a perceptual object to form a coherent conscious experience.

Consciousness and awareness are terms that are often used interchangeably, but this is not accurate. They have different etymological origins and original meanings.

Using these words together is not a bad thing, but it oversimplifies the language at the expense of its ability to describe our experiences in detail.

For example, in the present moment, you are aware of what is happening around you, and that is a conscious experience. However, this is not the only kind of consciousness that you can have.

Consciousness is your awareness of your unique thoughts, memories, feelings, sensations, and environments. Your conscious experience is continually shifting and changing as a function of how our brains process information.

For example, your consciousness might shift from being focused on reading this article to the memory of a conversation with a co-worker and back again. It’s also affected by drug-induced states, drowsiness, sleep, or a neurological condition.

The ultimate adaptive purpose of consciousness, therefore, is to enable volitional motor action. Without the adaptive benefits of volitional action, consciousness would likely never have evolved.

The world we live in: Is it real?

Published on:- 04-20-2023


The majority of what we think of as the environment around us is a product of our own thoughts and emotions. Our perspective of reality is a terrible distortion that is the root of all of our troubles until we transcend illusion and experience a spiritual awakening. This essay will look at what we really perceive and how it affects us.

The truth is often misunderstood, distorted, or disregarded in today's world. There are many distinct sorts of reality, and it is crucial to comprehend them all so that we may make the best judgments possible.

Realities may be broadly divided into three categories: phenomenological, subjective, and objective. It is crucial to fully comprehend each of them since they may each have a unique impact on how we think and act.

On a pretty basic level, what we can see, hear, and touch is an objective reality. This sort of reality is measurable via the senses and is also the one that we are used to in day-to-day life.

While many TV programs and films attempt to make them seem to be genuine, it is crucial to remember that they are all fiction. Because of this, it is really challenging to put your faith in them.
 
However, you may use your senses and reason to establish what is true, and if something is not real, you should avoid it. Making wise selections in life may best be accomplished in this manner.

A more individualized kind of reality, the phenomenological reality, is molded by our own experiences as well as our natural curiosity and inquiry. This kind of reality may sometimes be so particular to one individual that no one else could concur with it, but it can also be quite common to many people.

At German universities in the early 20th century, Edmund Husserl and his colleagues created the phenomenological method to define what is true. Later, philosophers in France, the US, and other countries embraced this approach.

A realist is a philosopher who holds that universals are separate from the particulars that instantiate them and are real in their own right. Platonic realism and Aristotelian realism are the two types of realism that are most widely acknowledged. By disputing the reality of universals, the anti-realist school of thought seeks to 

destroy realism. Nominalism and conceptualism are the two basic anti-realist ideologies.
Reality is a condition of being or being actual. It also refers to things that are quantifiable and observable, as well as the condition of being objective or true.

There are several kinds of reality, and each kind has a distinct significance for different individuals. The improper kind of reality may cause uncertainty, emotional outbursts, and illogical thought.

One definition of reality is the whole of all things, actual and conceptual structures, actual and hypothetical happenings, and actual and hypothetical phenomena. In other words, it is what a worldview aims to depict or map.

Another approach to describe reality is as a collection of accepted ideas. These often draw inspiration from people's everyday encounters in a culture.

Some philosophers contend that there is an additional, immaterial reality that exists apart from all senses, convictions, and human creations. It is possible to think of this reality as the "gold standard" of reality since it would continue to exist even in the absence of people.

It is challenging to get an agreement on what this reality ought to be, and this has sparked a philosophical discussion. One such idea is representational realism, which claims that everyone has their own subconscious mental filters made up of their beliefs and experiences that allow them to see the same environment differently.


The Kodaly Method and Disciplinary Literacy

Published on : 04/05/2023

The Kodaly method, created in Hungary by Zoltan Kodaly, is based on the concept that music belongs to everyone. It promotes music literacy by stressing musical content related to the student's culture and history.

The worth of Kodaly's ideology was acknowledged by music educators and scholars in the United States, who laboured to adapt his method. The early American users were Mary Helen Richards, Denise Bacon, Lois Choksy, and Sr. Lorna Zemke.

Sight singing is an important ability for students to learn because it teaches them how to analyze music and comprehend the general structure of a piece. It also helps pupils gain confidence when singing the tune.

Before practising or presenting, many directors advise choral singers to sight-read the music. This enables the student to hear and rectify any mistakes in their singing before performing it in front of others.

An effective sight-singing school will also urge students to audit each note before singing it. This can be accomplished through movable-do, solfege, Curwen hand signals, or stick writing.

Hungarian music instructor Zoltan Kodaly developed the Kodaly Method to teach young children how to perform and acquire sofa, but its principles are global. This implies that people can also profit from learning to understand music notation.

Rhythm and syncopation are essential components of  Kodaly method and are taught experientially. This means students learn to perform and clap in a musical environment while engaging with others.

This process can result in disciplinary literacy, which refers to specific strategies specialists use when reading and comprehending texts in a specific academic field. (Shanahan, 2012). Students must comprehend how their prior education influences their ability to sight-read.

Zoltan Kodaly devised a method that allows children to remain creative and open-minded while building academic knowledge, improving education, and learning to read and make notes. It is founded on the concept that music education should be a fundamental component of schooling from an early age to impact human development, realization, and health.

The Kodaly technique also places a premium on creativity and group learning. This promotes cooperation and enables students to play with various melodies, timbres, and shapes. It also aids in the development of instrumental and interpersonal abilities.

The Kodaly Method, a well-known music education theory, stresses early musicianship development. It incorporates several musical ideas, including hearing, singing, and reading, as well as comprehending, composing, improvising, and presenting.

One of the most important aspects of this teaching method is that it promotes academic literacy, which is a thorough grasp of a topic and the correct view of it. This can help students become more self-sufficient by expanding their understanding of music syntax, learning to interpret notes in new settings, and increasing auditions.

Another element of this ideology is that it teaches rhythm through hand signs and rhythmic syllables, which aids in developing a framework for listening to and speaking rhythms. It also helps with sight-reading and aural training by combining solfege words for intonation and a hand gesture system to indicate quarter, eighth, and sixteenth notes.

Theory, according to Zoltan Kodaly, is important for music instruction. Before modifying, breaking, and rethinking works in new ways, students must first acquire a comprehensive grasp of the aural material.

The Kodaly technique is successful in encouraging disciplinary literacy all over the globe. The strategy fosters a student's freedom and ingenuity by providing systematic methods to comprehend pitch and rhythm.

Disciplinary literacy is the specialized method by which individuals study, write, and communicate information across academic disciplines. As students advance through school, their literacy teaching should change from general to discipline-specific strategies.

Honoring a Collective Ethnic Identity - The Tahitian Heiva

Published on : 03-03-2023
The Heiva festival is a month-long event that focuses on Polynesian traditions. Included are musical, dancing, athletic, and ceremonial performances.
These occasions have long played a significant role in Polynesian culture. They were critical components of religious and political rites in antiquity.
Music is essential to a cohesive ethnic identity, mainly when performed by individuals deeply connected to their ancestral culture. The Tahitian Heiva is an excellent illustration of this.
The Heiva offers soul-stirring music, dancing, singing, and sports competitions that emphasize the Polynesian people's beautiful and distinctive culture. During the tournaments, artists and musicians from each island demonstrate their abilities against one another.
Heiva is renowned for its extravagant dance performances. Scantily clad men and women perform ancient Polynesian dances to accompany traditional music.
Heiva is also the location to see beautiful traditional artwork created from natural materials like pearls, shells, coral, and pandanus. In addition, it is an excellent spot to see the Polynesian tattooing tradition.
The Tahitian Heiva celebrates the Polynesian culture, which colonialism long repressed. During the event, performers from all around Tahiti perform and compete for Heiva prizes in traditional dance and musical contests that showcase ancestral customs and old Polynesian myths.
Heiva begins with a ceremony resembling the Olympic Games opening rituals. Volunteers traverse incredibly hot pebbles cooked in an earth oven while barefoot.
This is a noteworthy achievement, given that Polynesians are renowned for walking barefoot. However, stepping across these superheated rocks is remarkable in its own right.
In addition to dancing, the Heiva offers music and sports tournaments on several islands across French Polynesia. The Heiva is a fantastic chance to study traditional Polynesian dance, music, and cultural traditions while witnessing the South Pacific's natural splendor.
The Tahitian Heiva is an annual cultural celebration celebrating the Pacific Islands' music, dancing, and culture. It is held at Papeete, French Polynesia, in July.
A panel has selected 13 dance and 15 singing groups to perform in the event. They present a range of choreography with historical or mythological themes.
Sports are often connected with a nation's identity and may help individuals identify with their origins. For instance, baseball has become the symbol of American national identity, hockey is intimately associated with Canadian heritage, and rugby is associated with New Zealand's national identity.
In addition, athletics offers oppressed ethnic groups a means to thrive in adverse social situations. Thus, migratory laborers and ethnic minorities often rely on sports for survival.
As a result, the velocity, magnitude, and volume of global sports processes may be seen as eddies within the more significant flows of people, technology, capital, images, and ideologies. These processes represent a succession of altering power relationships and have planned and unforeseen outcomes.
Ceremonial performances, such as traditional chants and dances, are essential to celebrating an ethnic identity. Dance and music have long been an element of religious and political celebrations throughout Polynesia.
Also, they are often used to demonstrate respect for family members and other culturally important people. The Heiva Festival in Papeete is one of the most significant commemorative events.
A festival is a significant event that attracts thousands of competitors from all five archipelagos. Va'a or canoe racing, porteurs de fruits, and palm climbing are significant celebration components.
In addition, there is a big art fair that concentrates on Tahitian crafts. Natural materials, such as shells, pandanus, and coral, are used by local artists to produce magnificent works of art. The festival also incorporates demonstrations of tatau, the Polynesian tattooing art.

 Classroom management using democratic procedures and student choice

Published on : 02-27-2023

Pupils must respect others' rights and be accountable for their actions. This calls for instructors to use classroom management strategies that reflect these ideals and are less dictatorial.

These methods will encourage kids to learn more actively and foster a sense of shared responsibility. Also, they will improve as citizens and be better equipped to engage with their communities.

Collaboration between students and teachers is one of the best classroom management methods. It can aid children in becoming more independent, improving their ability to interact with others, and fostering stronger teacher-student connections.

It takes time and effort on the part of teachers for a strong collaborative culture to emerge. Common planning sessions, professional learning communities (PLCs), or critical friend networks can help.

This strategy promotes student freedom while reducing interruptions in the classroom. Also, it lessens the micromanagement that instructors must perform to uphold discipline and order in the classroom.

Democratic methods can be difficult for teachers to implement, especially for those who believe most students lack motivation and attention. Additionally, they could worry that allowing democratic procedures will reduce their power and influence in the classroom.

Teachers use open-ended classroom questions to assess students' comprehension and promote critical thinking. Also, it enhances learning by allowing students to investigate ideas and viewpoints they might not have previously considered.

Moreover, open-ended questions help with classroom management. They can contribute to ensuring that the classroom runs well and that all students actively participate in the learning process.

Open-ended questions can be an effective tool for classroom management, but it's crucial to remember that they can also backfire if used improperly. To avoid this unfavorable outcome, some teachers might employ open-ended questions only with a select few students.

Student-teacher conversations are a popular classroom management strategy used by many teachers. These talks are a fantastic approach to promoting learning since they encourage students to engage in free-flowing thought processes.

Keep discussion sessions on topic and include input from all group members while organizing them. Please make a list of the guidelines and expectations for productive discussions and distribute it before you start.

Some teachers like to arrange the chairs in a circle or a U shape to facilitate more effective discussion in the classroom. This makes it easier for them to see one another and prevents them from encroaching too closely or dominating the conversation.

Providing students with freedom and choice in what they learn, when they learn it, and how they learn it is the aim of democratic education. This educational philosophy is contrary to conventional, more authoritarian, and bureaucratic school architecture (Reitzug, 2003).

It is possible to include a democratically based pedagogical approach into teacher preparation programs to improve student learning and foster a more engaging learning environment. To better conform to the values and tenets of democratic education, teachers may need to reevaluate some of their methods of instruction and evaluation.

Teachers must establish a trustworthy relationship with their pupils to manage the classroom effectively. Also, they must promote a culture in the classroom that encourages cooperation and decision-making between students and teachers to facilitate learning and growth.

Collaboration between instructors is one of the most effective classroom management strategies available to educators. It gives students a chance to study from instructors who are knowledgeable about various areas, and it promotes innovative teaching techniques. Hence, collaboration promotes a supportive professional culture for teachers while enhancing student learning and engagement. Additionally, it lessens conflict, offers best practices for the entire school, and promotes a collaborative environment that prioritizes children.

It is important to realize that various factors can impact teacher-teacher collaboration and the results it has on student accomplishment. Budgets for the school and the district, scheduling, ideological conflicts, and leadership are a few issues.

Using music chosen by students in a general music class

Published on:01/27/2023

Having students choose their own music in a general music class is a good way to teach them more about music and about what they like. By adding different musical activities, you can make the environment more multi-sensory, which can help your students understand the material better.


Activities that use more than one sense are helpful in teaching. They help students understand and remember what they've learned, as well as use what they've learned. Using different senses in the music classroom has many benefits.

Kinaesthetic activities are one way that sensory techniques can be used to help people learn. These involve working with materials with your own hands. Movement is also a part of kinaesthetic styles. Students might clap in time to a beat or imitate sounds.

Sensory table play is another kind of activity. This can be used to explain different academic ideas to students. Also, it can be a great way to get students interested in learning and involved in the process.

A multi-sensory approach in the music classroom is a good way to test students when they are used together. It can help students build on what they're good at and fix what they're not so good at. By incorporating hearing, touching, and seeing into the curriculum, teachers can make learning more effective for all students.

In a general music classroom, background music can help or hurt the student's ability to learn. Research shows that music without words may be better for you than music with words.

Studies have also shown that learning can be helped by classical music. Studies have shown, for example, that students do better when they listen to a Mozart sonata while reading a short story than when they don't.

Background music isn't supposed to be the main focus of the lesson, but it can help to make the process better. In the same way, background music might help a student with a learning disability.

Nantais and Schellenberg did a study that was published in the Journal of Music Therapy. They found that playing a Mozart sonata in the background helped people do better on an abstract thinking task. In a similar way, Dr. Anne Savan's study, which was published in Occupational Psychology, found that people did better after a certain stimulus if they had a good experience with it.

The Journal of Research in Music Education is a magazine that comes out every three months and has articles about research in music education. It has articles about vocal music, instrumental music, general music, and other parts of the study of music. Together with the National Association for Music Education, this journal is put out.

The Journal of Research in Music Education is a great tool for researchers who want to learn more about different kinds of music. This journal looks at music education at all levels and includes original research from a wide range of fields.

In this article, we'll talk about some of the ways teachers use music chosen by students in the general music classroom. All students can use these methods to get a better grasp of musical ideas.

Singing songs without a recording is one of the most popular things to do. This is a common way for teachers to improve their students' skills. But teachers also use this kind of music for a wide range of other purposes. Some of these things are playing scales and rhythms.


Remote Music Instruction for Disabled Students

Published on : 01-20-2023

There are a number of approaches you can take if you want to instruct music from a distance. It is crucial to modify lessons so that they are more relevant to the interests and abilities of the students in your class. Some suggestions are provided below. Project Sparks is an example of such a tool. The students' musical and emotional development is supported by young adults with disabilities in this novel approach.

You could be teaching music online for a variety of reasons. It's the best available choice sometimes. While for others it may be a matter of necessity brought on by monetary concerns or private considerations. Knowing the dangers and how to avoid them is always a good idea. Some of these include usual missteps and the unforeseen expenses that come from employing the incorrect methods.

The audio is a critical component. A weak audio feed can slow down a team's progress. Both the video and hardware quality should be taken into account. To give an example, a webcam is not a failsafe device and can malfunction at any time.

It's a well-known fact that many educators face difficulties when attempting to incorporate musical activities into their lessons. An insufficient supply of available tools is one contributing factor. The good news is that you can find resources to assist you in integrating music into your lessons. You can, for instance, look for content on the internet, or you can make your own.

It can be difficult to maintain a high standard of instruction when teaching music over long distances. You should also try to meet the varying requirements of your students. This encompasses problems with education and socialization, IT issues, and security concerns in the digital sphere.

Teachers who feel the need to modify their lessons can find a wealth of freely available online resources to help them do so. If you're looking for some of the best, PHLessons has you covered. It's an all-encompassing guide to using mobile apps and other technologies to expand access to music education for students with special needs.

Understanding the constraints of latency is essential when working with disabled students in the field of music education. Even though video conferencing is the best option for presenting to a large audience, it isn't the answer to every problem in the classroom. Jack Trip is an open-source program that aims to revolutionize video conferencing just as Skype did for telephone conversations.

You must make it clear to your students what they need to pay attention to if you are going to be teaching them music remotely. Taking this step will ensure that your services fully satisfy their requirements. It's important to keep them interested and entertained so they learn effectively.

To maintain student interest, it's important to offer a variety of course topics. Two distinct musical ensembles could be a band and a choir. Then you can divide everyone up into smaller groups and do unique activities with them. Playing games, watching movies, or singing along are all examples of such activities.

Including a guest speaker in your lesson is yet another way to enrich the learning experience of your students. You could, for instance, invite a professional musician from the area to spend an hour teaching your class. Your students will have a better time and develop an interest in music if you do this.

There's no denying the fact that lockdowns and school cancellations are frustrating. This is especially true for younger children, who often have no access to social media and thus no way to communicate with their peers. The good news is that there are a variety of online communities where teachers and parents can go for support and advice. Caregivers can stay in touch with their charges, even when they're out of the house, thanks to social media and other forms of digitally mediated communication.

In order to continue teaching, the biggest challenge for online music teachers is to follow all relevant laws and regulations, such as ensuring student safety when working online. That requires a lot of legwork, like tracking down the right permits and insurance for your computer hardware and software.

Bomba: Puerto Rico's African Heritage Sound

Published on:01/12/2023

Bomba: The Sound of Puerto Rico African Heritage is a musical production that strives to give Puerto Ricans a sense of belonging. This is accomplished through using music to portray the story of Puerto Rico's history and culture. The use of traditional melodies, reggaeton, and other kinds of music will assist the audience in learning more about Puerto Rican people and culture.


Bomba is a vibrant reflection of Puerto Rico's African heritage. The song is inspired by the dances of enslaved West Africans. On the island, it is still popular folk music. Furthermore, it has recently appeared in a number of commercials and dance remix videos.

Bomba first appeared in northeastern Puerto Rico in the 1800s. Slaveholders promoted music as a kind of amusement for their slaves. However, it immediately became a rebellious tool.

Bailes de bomba was used to communicate, plan, and celebrate. A typical bomba song has three singers. They are situated beside a drum. The yuba, a six-stringed guitar played at a moderate speed, is another fundamental instrument.

Plena is a musical genre with African roots that is the unique sound expression of Puerto Ricans. Its origins extend back to the late nineteenth century, and it is an important part of the island's musical culture.

Plena music combines indigenous Taino and Jibaro rhythms with Caribbean-influenced musical forms like Bomba. This blend of sounds and rhythms spread to coastal areas in the early twentieth century.

Plena was originally performed with a guiro (a scraping gourd), a tambourine, and a guitar. Before Europeans came, these instruments were a part of Puerto Rican culture. However, it was not until the 1930s that this music gained popularity.

Sica, the sound of Puerto Rico's African ancestry, is an important component of the island's music and dance traditions. It embodies the rich culture and history of the Afro-Puerto Rican population.

During the Spanish colonial period, African slaves from West Africa arrived to labor on plantations. Those slaves brought the musical legacy of Bomba with them. This musical style is one of the oldest on the island and showcases the rich African heritage of the Caribbean.

Bomba is performed on barrel-shaped drums with stretched, taut animal skins. The reverberation of these drums pushes the dancer and drummer into a simultaneous rhythmic exchange.

The sound of Puerto Rico's African roots may still be heard in Old San Juan. The musical genre of Bomba is one of the island's oldest musical traditions. It was invented by sugar cane field slaves. Young Puerto Ricans are fighting to maintain the culture today.

The first documented Bomba was in 1797. During the trans-Atlantic slave trade, Bomba was a tool for slave insurrection. Music brought these slaves from many parts of Africa together.

Enslaved Africans were introduced to Puerto Rico by Europeans in the 1700s. These Bantu-speaking immigrants brought a plethora of African customs with them.

Puerto Rico's African origin is prominently portrayed in many facets of the culture. From religion to music and dance, the presence of enslaved Africans is visible in the Puerto Rican population.

Enslaved Africans brought a variety of African customs to Puerto Rico in the 16th century. This included practicing witchcraft. They also paved the way for tropical cultivation in the Americas. During the early colonial period, the majority of Africans arriving in Puerto Rico came from Nigeria's Gold Coast.

The musical style of Bomba is one of the most important indicators of African descent in Puerto Rico. This kind of dancing and music arose as a reaction to the terrible treatment of slaves. It was a sort of resistance that expressed the joys of community.

Bomba, an African-based style that dates back to early colonial times, is one of Puerto Rico's oldest musical traditions. It is also one of the island's most popular genres of folk music.

Bomba is a percussive community song. It was created by descendants of enslaved West Africans. Today, young Puerto Ricans are performing this song in order to maintain the culture.

Plena is another type of music. This type of music is frequently performed by students in protest of injustice. The lyrics frequently offer scathing commentary on the perceived injustices of the day. Finally, it acts as a vehicle for social change.